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Classes
A class is a special type in an object-oriented programming language like Python. If you squint really hard, it's kinda like a dictionary in that it usually stores name-value pairs:
# Defines a new class called "Soldier"
# with three properties: health, armor, damage
class Soldier:
health: int = 5
armor: int = 3
damage: int = 2
Just like a string, integer or float, a class is a type, but instead of being a built-in type, classes are custom types that you define.
Objects
So if a class is a new custom type, what's an object? Objects are just instances of a class.
Yeah I know, "instance" is another fancy programming word. It just means "an example of" or "a specific case of". For example, "Lane is an instance of a human" or "My Chemical Romance is an instance of a band".
For example:
health = 50
# health is an instance of an integer type
aragorn = Soldier()
# aragorn is an instance of the Soldier class type
Each new instance of a class is an "object".
Example
class Archer:
health: int = 40
arrows: int = 10
# Create several instances of the Archer class
legolas = Archer()
bard = Archer()
# Print class properties
print(legolas.health) # 40
print(bard.arrows) # 10