Normalize URLs

We need a function that accepts a URL string as input and returns a "normalized" URL. To "normalize" means to "make the same". For example, all of these URLs are the "same page" according to most websites and HTTP standards:

• https://www.boot.dev/blog/path/
• https://www.boot.dev/blog/path
• http://www.boot.dev/blog/path/
• http://www.boot.dev/blog/path

We want our normalizeURL() function to map all of those same inputs to a single normalized output: www.boot.dev/blog/path.

Keep in mind the normalized URL isn't going to be used to make requests, it's just going to be used to compare URLs to see if they are the same page.

In test-driven development (TDD), we typically follow this flow:

1. Stub out the function
2. Write the tests
3. Write the code that passes the tests

If you'd like, you can read up on the standard library's testing package and this example of a unit test before you start.

1. Create a file called normalize_url.go and stub a function called normalizeURL.
2. Create a file called normalize_url_test.go in the root of your project.

The go test command will looks for and runs functions that end in _test.go,

3. Write a few tests! Remember, this function should take a single URL (string) and return the normalized version of the URL as a string. This will help us later to detect whether two different URLs point to the same web page, which is all our users care about. Here's a single example unit test to get you started:

func TestNormalizeURL(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name          string
		inputURL      string
		expected      string
	}{
		{
			name:     "remove scheme",
			inputURL: "https://www.boot.dev/blog/path",
			expected: "www.boot.dev/blog/path",
		},
        // add more test cases here
	}

	for i, tc := range tests {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			actual, err := normalizeURL(tc.inputURL)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("Test %v - '%s' FAIL: unexpected error: %v", i, tc.name, err)
				return
			}
			if actual != tc.expected {
				t.Errorf("Test %v - %s FAIL: expected URL: %v, actual: %v", i, tc.name, tc.expected, actual)
			}
		})
	}
}

Try to test all the edge-cases you can think of.

4. Run your tests. go test will run all the tests in the current directory (package). go test ./... will run all the tests in the current directory and all subdirectories.

You should see some failing tests now, which is expected because you haven't filled in the normalizeURL function yet.

5. Write the normalizeURL function. I recommend using the Parse function from the net/url package. It parses a raw URL string into a URL struct with some fields and methods that will be useful to you.

Run and submit the CLI tests from the root of the module.