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Deny Policies

An explicit Deny policy always wins; even if other policies Allow the same action. This is your shield when you need to set absolute boundaries.

Follow the principle of least privilege: grant people and resources only the permissions they actually need, nothing more. So don't "allow all actions by default" and then add Deny rules for dangerous actions. Prefer to add permissions as they're needed.

That said, there are situations where Deny policies are helpful:

Something is misbehaving on server 3; can you quickly disable its AWS access?

A deny-all policy is like putting someone in time-out. They can't do anything, no matter what other permissions they might have. Useful for quarantine, break-glass prevention, or stopping a rogue service from causing more damage.

Hackers love getting access to random EC2 instances and using the permissions to the AWS account they're in. Sometimes for data exfiltration, sometimes to mine crypto, and sometimes just to cause chaos for your team.

Assignment

Security drill: assume the EC2 instance is compromised. Lock it down immediately.

Create a deny-all policy patientping-deny-all and attach it to the role patientping-ec2-readonly-role.

Cost check: Creating IAM policies is free; costs arise from service usage.

SSH into your patientping-web-v2 EC2 instance: ssh patientping
Run an aws command to see if you have access to read information about EC2 instances. This should work:
```
aws ec2 describe-instances --no-cli-pager
```
Create the deny-all policy:
1. Navigate to "IAM" → "Policies" in the AWS Console.
2. Click "Create policy."
3. In the policy editor, switch to JSON input, delete all the starter text, and paste the following:
```
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "DenyEverything",
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
```
4. Click "Next."
5. Name the new policy patientping-deny-all. Leave everything else as-is, and click "Create policy" at the bottom.
Attach the policy to the role:
1. Navigate to "IAM" → "Roles" in the AWS Console.
2. Select the patientping-ec2-readonly-role that you created earlier.
3. Go to the "Permissions" tab and click "Add permissions" → "Attach policies."
4. Use the search field to find the new patientping-deny-all policy, select it, and click "Add permissions."
Back on the EC2 instance, run the same aws command again:
```
aws ec2 describe-instances --no-cli-pager
```
This time, you should get an error message indicating that access is denied!

Run and submit the CLI tests.

At this point, the role has no effective AWS access (Deny always wins)!

Tip

You can accomplish the same thing via CLI. Here's the command structure:

# Create the deny-all policy
aws iam create-policy --policy-name POLICY-NAME --policy-document file://DENY-POLICY.json

# Attach the policy to a role
aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name ROLE-NAME --policy-arn POLICY-ARN